Genetic Doping and Health Damages
نویسندگان
چکیده
BACKGROUND Use of genetic doping or gene transfer technology will be the newest and the lethal method of doping in future and have some unpleasant consequences for sports, athletes, and outcomes of competitions. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) defines genetic doping as "the non-therapeutic use of genes, genetic elements, and/or cells that have the capacity to enhance athletic performance ". The purpose of this review is to consider genetic doping, health damages and risks of new genes if delivered in athletes. METHODS This review, which is carried out by reviewing relevant publications, is primarily based on the journals available in GOOGLE, ELSEVIER, PUBMED in fields of genetic technology, and health using a combination of keywords (e.g., genetic doping, genes, exercise, performance, athletes) until July 2010. CONCLUSION There are several genes related to sport performance and if they are used, they will have health risks and sever damages such as cancer, autoimmunization, and heart attack.
منابع مشابه
Investigation of Psychological Relationship between the Level of Religiosity and Doping Susceptibility among Bodybuilding Athletes
Background and Purpose: Due to the advertising of new technologies for the use of biochemical resources to enhance muscle mass, doping is interwoven with the development of the modernized organized sport. Different fields of study, such as history, sociology, and psychology investigate doping with their theoretical methods and frameworks. The present study aimed to investigate the psychological...
متن کاملModal Strain Energy Based Damage Detection Using Multi-Objective Optimization
Modal strain energy has been reported by researchers as one of the sensitive physical measures that can be used as a damage index in structural health monitoring. Inverse problem-solving based approaches using single-objective optimization algorithms are also one of the promising damage identification methods. However, integration of these potential methods is currently limited with partial suc...
متن کاملGene Doping in Sport – Perspectives and Risks
In the past few years considerable progress regarding the knowledge of the human genome map has been achieved. As a result, attempts to use gene therapy in patients' management are more and more often undertaken. The aim of gene therapy is to replace defective genes in vivo and/or to promote the long-term endogenous synthesis of deficient protein. In vitro studies improve the production of huma...
متن کاملمسؤولیت کیفری ناشی از تجویز داروهای غیر مجاز(دوپینگ) در ورزش با نگاهی به قوانین ایران و فقه امامیه
Nowadays, the use of banned performance-enhancing drugs (doping) in sport has been increased by athletes. As for drastic physical and spiritual damages, coaches are obliged to make the athletes aware of side effects and other improper consequences. According to anti-doping rules, if coaches and sporty physicians evade from their duty by an illegal prescription and cause physical damage to athle...
متن کاملDoping in Sports- Past, Present and Future
Doping is widely known as the use of banned substances and practices by sports personnel particularly athletes in an attempt to improve sporting performances. There are at least two essential reasons to support the fight against doping: the depth of corruption on the ‘fair competition’the sine qua non of all sporting events, and the potential harmful effects on athletes. To ensure equal competi...
متن کامل